-TENSES-
-SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE-
I Do
Helping verbs: do/does
You Do 
He
Time Expressions:
She Does
It
always: daima
We
never: asla
You Do
usually: genellikle
They
seldom: nadiren
everyday/week/month:
hergün/...
occsionally: arasıra
often: sık sık
rarely: nadiren
sometimes:
bazen
frequently: sıkça
scarcely: çok ender
hardly: hemen hemen hiç
genarally: genellikle
Example:
I brush my teeth everymorning.Subject Object
Verb1 Time Expression
Pattern: subject +
verb1 + complement
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I, you, we, they
Pattern: subject +
verb1 +s,es,ies + complement affirmetive
subject +
doesn’t + verb1 +
complement negative
does
+ subject +
verb1 + complement ? question
doesn’t +
subject + verb1 +
complement? negative question |
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he, she, it
-PRESENT
CONTINUOUS TENSE-
I am
Helping verbs: am/is/areYou are He
Time Expressions:
She is
It
now: şimdi
We
at the moment: şu anda
You are
at present: şu anda
They right
now: şimdi
Today: bugün
This
week/month/year: bu hafta/...
Nowadays: bu günlerde
 |
Example:
We are learning English
at the moment. |
 |
||
Subject ( to be ) object Time Expression
Verbing
Pattern: subject + (
to be ) + verbing + object +
Time Expressions
-SIMPLE PAST
TENSE-
Time Expressions: Helping verb: did
Yesterday: dün
Last week/month/year: geçen hafta/...
The day before: evvelki
gün
Then: sonra
Ago: önce
A.
Simple Past Tense of the verb BE:
The
past form of the verb BE is
WAS, WERE
Pattern: subject +
was, were + object
B.
Simple Past Tense of regular / irregular verbs:
We
use past forms of regular and irregular verbs. We add -ed to a regular verb for the past form.
Example:
I went
to Ankara last year.
Subject Object
Verb2 Time Expression
Pattern: Subject +
verb2 + object
+ time expressions affirmetive Subject +
didn’t + verb1
+ complement negative
Did +
subject + verb1 +
complement ?
question
Didn’ +
subject + verb1 +
compplement? Negative
question
-PAST CONTINUOUS
TENSE-
I was
Helping verbs: was/were
You were 
He
She was
It
We
You were
They
Example:
He was sleeping when the phone rang.
Pattern: subject + was/were +
verbing
We
use when, while, as, just as to join
the sentences. We usually use the past continuous tense after while, as or just as.
We usually use the sımple past tense after when.
NOTE:
birleştirmek
Simple Past Tense
+ while +
Past Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense
+ when +
Simple Past Tense
-SIMPLE FUTURE
TENSE-
A.
Near Future Tense ( Going To Future ) :
Helping verbs:
am/is/are
Time Expressions:
Tomorrow: yarın
Next week/month/year:
gelecek hafta/...
Later: sonra
İn a few days:
birkaç gün içinde
The following day: takip
eden gün
The day after: ertesi
gün
Soon: yakında
Example:
I am going to buy
jeans next weekend.
Sub. ( to be ) verb1 obj.
Time expression
Pattern:
subject + ( to be)
+ going to +
verb1 + complement
B.
Will Future Tense :
Helping verb: will
Pattern: subject +
will + verb1 +
complement
Example:
I will come home
tomorrow.
Sub. He. Verb.
Obj. Verb1
Time
expression
NOTE: Kesinlik
varsa going to , niyet
varsa will kullanılır.
-
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE-
I
Helping verbs: have/has
You have
He
Time
Expressions:
She has
It
recently: son günlerde
We
already: çoktan
You have
yet: henüz
They
Since: o zamandan beri(a
point in time)
For:
o zamandan beri( a period of time)
Ever/never: asla
Lately:
son zamanlarda
We use the present perfect tense for an action that started
in the past and contınuous up to now.
Example:
She has watched TV since 3 o’clock.
Subject Helping verb Object
Verb3 Time Expression
Pattern:
subject + have/has
+ verb3 +
complement
NOTE:
SINCE: from a point in the past until the time we are
speaking. We use since when we say the beginning of the period. Since
April, since Monday...
FOR: lenght of time until
now. We use for when we say the period
of time. For two years, for long time...
-PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE-
{ - mekte , - makta }
Helping verbs: have / has been
I have been
You
Time
Expressions:
He
She has been
Since: - dan beri
It
For: - dan beri
We Recently:
son günlerde
You have been Lately:
son günlerde
They Up
to now: şimdiye kadar
All
week: Bütün hafta
So
far: bu güne kadar
All
day: bütün gün
For
a long time: uzun bir zaman
For
ages: yıllardan beri
Form: Sub + have / has been + Ving + Obj + Time Exp.
NOTE: We use the
present perfect progressive to talk about an action which started in the past
and continues up to the present. The action may or may not
continue in the future.
-PAST PERFECT
TENSE-
{ -mıştı }
Time Expressions:
Helping verb: had
After: - den sonra
Before: - den önce
Just: henüz
When: - dığı zaman
By the time: esnasında
Until: -e dek
Already: zaten
Since: - den beri
All day/ week / ...: bütün
gün...
For: -den beri
Form:
Sub. + had + V3 + Obj.
+ T. E.
·
We use the past
perfect tense to describe a past action which happened before another past
action. We use the past perfect tense for the first action and the simple past
tense for the second action.
·
These are the patterns with common conjunctions:
1.
WHEN + simple
past, past perfect
When
I came in, he had gone.
2. Simple past, BECAUSE + past perfect
I was tired, because I had played basketball.
3.
AFTER + past
perfect, simple past
After he
had eaten his breakfast, he left home for school.
4.
BEFORE + simple past, past perfect
Before he went to school, he had gone a supermarket.
5.
AS SOON AS + past perfect tense, simple past
As soon as she had washed
the shirts, she ironed them.
-
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE –
{ - mekteydi }
Time Expressions: Helping verb: had been
Before
After
Just
When
As soon as
By the time
Until
Already
Since
All day / week / ...
For
Form: Sub
+ had been+ Ving
+ Obj + T. E.
The past perfect
contınuous tense describes a past action which continued until another past
action happened.
- TENSES -
Present Perfect : have / has ( V3 ) ( - mış, - miş ) Present Perfect Cont. : have / has + been + Ving + ( -
mekte, - makta )
Past Perfect : had + V3 + ( - mıştı, - mişti ) 
Past Perfect Cont. : had + been + Ving ( - mekteydi , - maktaydı )
Present  |
Past Perfect Tense
Present
Perfect Tense 
1940 1944
Past Future |
 |
||
Present Perfect Continuous Tense Past perfect Continuous Tense
Time
of speaking
-
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE –
( -yor alacak )
Helping verb: will
be
Time Expressions:
Ving
At this time tomorrow
Next week / ... /
By the end of this month
With in
By tomorrow
Soon
Later
FORM: sub
+ will be + Ving + obj + time exp.
USE:
1.
The future contınuous
describes a contınuous action at a time in future.
2.
We use this tense when
we guess about what other people are doing.
3.
This tense is often
used when the future date is unknown or uncertain.
4.
We can also use the
future contınuous for an action which is part of a routine.
-
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE –
( -mış olacak )
Helping verb: will
have Time
Expressions:
By
the time
By
this time
Before
By
then
Next
year / ... /
In
ten days
In
a few days /...
By
FORM: sub + will have + V3 +
obj + time exp.
USE:
We use this tense to describe an action
which will be completed before another time or event in the future.
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